The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced $18,914,000 from President Biden’s Infrastructure Law to address emerging contaminants, like Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in drinking water in Montana.  This investment, which is allocated to states and territories, will be made available to communities as grants through EPA’s Emerging Contaminants in Small or Disadvantaged Communities (EC-SDC) Grant Program and will promote access to safe and clean water in small, rural, and disadvantaged communities while supporting local economies.

Administrator Michael S. Regan announced the availability of $2 billion in water infrastructure investments at an event held in North Carolina recently. “Too many American communities, especially those that are small, rural, or underserved, are suffering from exposure to PFAS and other harmful contaminants in their drinking water,” said EPA Administrator Michael Regan. “Thanks to President Biden’s leadership, we are investing in America and providing billions of dollars to strengthen our nation’s water infrastructure while safeguarding people’s health and boosting local economies. These grants build on EPA’s PFAS Strategic Roadmap and will help protect our smallest and most vulnerable communities from these persistent and dangerous chemicals.”

“EPA is delivering on its strategic commitment to address PFAS and emerging contaminants with more than $18 million for infrastructure projects that will safeguard Montana’s drinking water for years to come,” said EPA Regional Administrator KC Becker. “These funds will help water providers invest in treatment technologies and solutions to contamination concerns in the communities that need them most.”

The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law invests $5 billion over five years to help communities that are on the frontlines of PFAS contamination reduce PFAS in drinking water. EPA announced the funds for Montana as part of an allotment of $2 billion to states and territories that can be used to prioritize infrastructure and source water treatment for pollutants, like PFAS and other emerging contaminants, and to conduct water quality testing.

EPA is also releasing the Emerging Contaminants in Small or Disadvantaged Communities Grant Implementation document. The implementation document provides states and communities with the information necessary to use this funding to address local water quality and public health challenges. These grants will enable communities to improve local water infrastructure and reduce emerging contaminants in drinking water by implementing solutions such as installing necessary treatment solutions.

By Chris Cargill, The Center Square

Raising the minimum wage is one of the many policy ideas peppered with tradeoffs, but one of the few that have such a direct impact on businesses and employees alike. Lawmakers in Idaho and Montana have introduced legislation intended to raise the minimum wage. The legislation in Idaho has been introduced by Rep. Steve Berch.

House Bill 48 would repeal a prohibition on local governments setting their own minimum wage. Meantime in Montana, House Bill 201 introduced by Rep. Kelly Kortum would hike the minimum wage to $11.39 per hour plus tips. The minimum wage in Montana currently sits at $9.95 per hour, while Idaho’s minimum wage is the federal minimum of $7.25 per hour.

Currently, there are only 54 cities or counties around the nation that have their own minimum wages which vary from their state minimum wage. The patchwork of different wages makes it difficult in some states for small business owners to properly plan for and track employee hours, especially if employees work at multiple locations. The broader issue, however, is the financial impact on small businesses and the workers themselves. It is true that some workers will see paychecks rise as a result of minimum wage increases, but many more end up seeing wages fall as hours are reduced. We know this from experience, and projections.

A great Congressional Budget Office tool gives users the opportunity to see the impact of raising the minimum wage. It shows some positive impacts, including a decrease in the number of people living in poverty. But it also shows negative aspects – specifically, the change in employment and the overall change in real family income. Under a scenario where the minimum wage would increase to $15 per hour, both see dramatic declines.

Research from the Harvard Business Review had similar findings. It concluded “for every $1 increase in the minimum wage, we found that the total number of workers scheduled to work each week increased by 27.7%, while the average number of hours each worker worked per week decrease by 20.8%. For an average store in California, these changes translated into four extra workers per week and five fewer hours per worker per week — which meant that the total wage compensation of an average minimum wage worker in a California store actually fell by 13.6%.

This decrease in the average number of hours worked not only reduced total wages, but also impacted eligibility for benefits.” The University of Washington conducted a review of Seattle’s increase of the minimum wage to $15, phased in over several years. Researchers wrote “those earning less than $19 an hour saw wages rise by 3.4% once the city’s minimum wage was $13, while experiencing a 7.0% decrease in hours worked.” In other words, the hike was costing jobs.

In fact, the research showed there would be 5,000 more jobs in Seattle if the hike had not been adopted. While some businesses might be able to afford the hit of a minimum wage hike, others will not. Restaurants, retail and hospitality, for example, run on very low profit margins. The impact there is likely to be much more severe. In the end, some workers will benefit from a hike in the minimum wage, but others will see fewer hours and lower earnings. It’s a tradeoff – not necessarily the rosy picture some activists and lawmakers project. Chris Cargill is the President & CEO of Mountain States Policy Center.

By Dan Brooks, Billings Chamber of Commerce

One of the Billings Chamber’s public policies is to reduce the cost of doing business in Montana. One expense that can be costly to a business is litigation. Fortunately, Montana’s legal climate ranks pretty well according to the U.S. Chamber’s Institute for Legal Reform (ILR) Lawsuit Climate Survey, putting our state within the Top 10 at #7.

 It hasn’t always been the case that Montana is viewed in that top tier. In previous ILR surveys, our state was ranked 27th, 34th, and 45th in 2017, 2015, and 2012 respectively. We’ve been climbing the ranks as businesses have slowly shifted perceptions of the fairness and reasonableness of our state’s liability systems.

 To maintain and perhaps increase that favorable perception, the Montana Chamber is putting forward some thoughtful tort reform bills that we are thankful for and will be supporting.

 The first, SB 216, deals with product liability reform. Product liability laws are intended to provide compensation to folks harmed by defective products. However, current product liability law in Montana lacks some reasonable defenses for business. This bill makes a number of common sense changes to protect our Montana manufacturing and retail entities from unfair claims:

* Creates a comparative fault defense that allows product sellers to show that another party contributed to the injury.

* Strengthens product misuse defense and allows product sellers to argue that the product was used contrary to an express warning or instruction included with the product.

* Creates a defense for government safety regulation compliance if the product complied with mandatory government safety regulations and requirements.

* Creates a 10-year statute of repose, with reasonable exceptions, recognizing that most products have a limited useful life and eventually wear out.

* Allows for an innocent-seller defense, protecting retailers that sell products unchanged from manufacturers.

* Adds a no safer alternative defense, allowing the reasonable consideration that there is no safer alternative in existence at the time of sale. 

 The second bill is LC 0932, which attempts to shine a light on the unregulated third-party litigation financing (TPLF) industry. Third-party litigation financing is the investment by hedge funds, wealthy individuals, and sovereign wealth funds in the outcome of lawsuits for a profit.

 Imagine the imperfect hypothetical where Mr. Baggins is suing Bert for property damages caused when Bert irreparably soiled Mr. Baggins’ coat, mistaking it for a handkerchief. Typically, Mr. Baggins and Bert would have their day in court, the dispute would get resolved, and damages recovered. However, let’s assume a TPLF, Oakenshield Capital, wants to get involved and helps fund Mr. Baggins’ suit against Bert in exchange for a share of the recovery. Oakenshield Capital’s interest is in a return on investment, not an appropriate or fair outcome. Are they influencing Mr. Baggins to seek more damages than justified? Or to continue a lengthy legal battle when settlement is best? What is the percentage of winnings Mr. Baggins would owe to Oakenshield Capital? In the event Mr. Baggins loses the suit, will Oakenshield Capital assist Mr. Baggins if he incurs additional costs or penalties? Do Bert or the court even know Oakenshield Capital is involved?

 This bill provides thoughtful reforms that protect consumers from potential predatory practices by TPLFs and increases transparency by:

* Requiring TPLFs to register.

* Limiting interest rates TPLFs can charge to plaintiffs.

* Capping TPLF’s share of winnings from plaintiffs.

* Requiring disclosure to all parties of TPLF involvement.

* Creating TPLF liability for court-order costs/penalties against the plaintiff.

We are grateful for the Montana Chamber’s prioritization of these bills. Passage will help improve the legal climate in Montana for our business community.

House Bill 30

Revise laws relating

   to dangerous drugs

Rep. Denise Baum (D)

   HD 47

   Chamber Supports

This bill enhances penalties for criminals who commit the offense of distributing dangerous drugs, or intend to distribute, while in possession of a firearm, a destructive device, or another dangerous weapon. Often, our law enforcement officers encounter dangerous weapons when dealing with drug-related crimes. This provides an additional tool for state prosecutors and disincentivizes drug dealers from carry weapons. The bill has 15 bipartisan co-sponsors from our local delegation, for which the Chamber is incredibly grateful. The bill was heard in (H) Judiciary on Friday, January 27th.

By Jose Bustos

Saltsations is a different concept in whole body therapy, using salt in a mist form without drugs or unnatural substances, that cleanses by opening one’s breathing by a method now being accepted by a number of therapists.  As so many individuals are now concerned about the harmful effects that drugs can cause to one’s body, Saltsations is an alternative, a natural one, to whole health individual care.

Linda Champlin has brought the treatment to Billings with Saltsations Wellness Center at at 848 Main Street Suite 18.

Champlin meets you with a ready, warm and genuine smile upon entering her wellness center reception area. You are also met with subtle pastels, warm yet cool, heavenly hues of blue, pink, mellow yellow, tender orange, comfy green.  Colors in every room, for every scene, a room for your emotions, blessed with a subdued natural sheen. 

The atmosphere impacts a gentle, un-hurried feeling away from the world, from the problems and stressors of everyday life.  After a Saltsations session, I felt taken away, a sensation of swathing in serenity, a feeling of floating in near total repose. 

Your eye is naturally trained to a tree, artistically blended into the wall, seemingly three dimensional at first glance, climbing into the ceiling, giving the impression of reaching above into a cloud.  The tree is complemented by various soft, natural pastels, blended elegantly into the flow of colors throughout the salon. 

Another room is painted with wood hued drapes imprinted with seasoned, well-aged wood, the folds, giving the appearance of an invitation to open the doors of the rustic barn depicted in the art.

 There is a room with an infrared spa, surrounded by another wall mural of a fenced wooden walkway leading into a forest, the fence itself giving one the feeling of reaching out to hold onto it as you take your first step into a forest .

Billings has always been considered home for Champlin, as her parents grew up in Billing. She speaks fondly of them, and reminisces upon stories of her great grandparents who traveled by wagon train from the Ozarks Mountain region in Missouri, Kansas and Oklahoma at the turn into the 20th Century. 

One of her grandfathers was conscripted into the Army during WW1, but shortly thereafter, was recalled to return to Montana due to the influenza deaths of 1917.  

Her family lived in several different locations, as her father was a welder. He earned a degree as a Metallurgical Engineer for Bechtel International Construction and was given a full-time position in Colstrip, which allowed Champlin to graduate from Colstrip High School.  Champlin then attended college at MSU Bozeman.  It was therethat she met her future husband, Orin.

Champlin then transferred to Eastern Montana College in Billings so she could further her studies and help with her aging grandmother.  She graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Human Services, with a focus on Music Therapy.  Champlin accepted a job in Boston, MA and achieved her dream of a Master’s Degree in Counseling Psychology. 

Then, as it happens to so many of us, who have ventured outside of Big Sky Country, Montana called her back.  She moved back to Billings in 1991, and married Orin in Bozeman.  Orin was in the National Guard, then transferred into the active Air Force and she accompanied him to deployments in Germany, Nebraska and Missouri.  Prior to Orin’s retirement from the Air Force, Linda worked as a certified dyslexia tutor and licensed clinical professional counselor. 

In accompanying Orin on his various Air Force deployments, Champlin developed breathing problems and could not find a satisfactory solution.  She then heard about the Salt Cave in Maplewood, Missouri.  She and Orin visited the Salt Cave, and she experienced a remarkable and positive change in her breathing shortly thereafter, and that is when she developed an interest in salt therapy.  Still, without any thought of developing her own salt therapy business, the Covid pandemic arrived in 2020 and Linda contracted pneumonia.  That bout of illness and her earlier visit to the Salt Cave, prompted Champlin to seriously think about opening her own therapy business.

In one of Saltsations’ rooms there is what appears to be a mere twenty inches by thirty-six inch mini water bed, but it is actually a water massage unit.  When turned on, it begins to vibrate, and is in essence, an ocean-like wave relaxing back massage.  My wife, Zee, and I had to try it.  You feel like you’re riding on waves, it vibrates, and seems to be bubbling up on and into your spine. The word relaxing does not suffice for the feeling of completely letting your body melt into it.  It nearly put me to sleep, but of course I’ve been known to sleep in the dentist’s chair.

Zee experienced  noticeable relief from a chronically stressed trapezius muscle. 

I sat in on Salty Air Drive, one of Saltsations therapy rooms on a Friday afternoon.  Linda had me sit on a choice of different chairs, and brought me a glass of ice cold water, mentioning that the therapy may make one thirsty.  After sitting for a couple of minutes, tranquil and not knowing what to expect, listening to the gentle purr of the salt mist generator, I experienced a slight taste of salt on my lips.  Sipping on the cool water, I just sat and observed the comforting natural light coming through the window.  Sooo, relaxing, trying to think of something, anything to bide my time… 

The next thing I knew was Linda waking me up, as I had melted into the chair and had fallen asleep and was told that 45 minutes had passed…really?  As I stepped out of the therapy room into the reception area, I noticed that the air in the reception room seemed even more wholesome and natural.  My breathing seemed easier, my sinuses clearer and my entire body completely relaxed and rubberized (a term I’d like to use for this therapy as nothing else comes to mind to articulate this most relaxing experience).

Saltsations is an event that is hard to explain to the reader. It must be your own experience, your own adventure.  Saltsations is located in the Frontier Insurance Solutions complex in the Heights and sessions are primarily by appointment.  Linda can be reached at 406-647-3179

By Bethany Blankley, The Center Square

The Texas and U.S. oil and gas industry is pushing back against claims President Joe Biden made after he implemented policies to restrict domestic investment and production.

In his state of the union address, Biden said, “We’re still going to need oil and gas for a while” but also said he planned to tax “the wealthiest and biggest corporations … to pay their fair share.”

He criticized the oil and gas industry, saying, “Big Oil just reported its profits. Last year, they made $200 billion in the midst of a global energy crisis. I think it’s outrageous.”

After his administration instructed banks to not invest in domestic exploration or production and expanded billions of dollars of federal subsidies into so-called renewable energy companies, Biden said, U.S. oil and gas companies “invested too little of that profit to increase domestic production.”

He said he spoke to industry executives who said, “‘We were afraid you were going to shut down all the oil wells and all the oil refineries anyway, so why should we invest in them?’” He replied, “We’re going to need oil for at least another decade … we’re going to need … production.” Instead of the industry investing in the production “to keep gas prices down,” Biden said, “they used the record profits to buy back their own stock, rewarding their CEOs and shareholders.”

As a result, the president proposed quadrupling the tax on corporate stock buybacks “to close the loopholes that allow the very wealthy to avoid paying their taxes.”

In response, Texas Oil & Gas Association president Todd Staples told The Center Square, “Nothing can hide the facts – the president has asked for greater production from foreign countries while at home his administration has cancelled pipelines, delayed permits, removed federal acreage from being leased and discouraged investment in this critical industry. Americans deserve energy security and its long past time this administration treated oil and natural gas like an asset, not a liability.”

The Texas oil and natural gas industry, which leads the U.S. in energy production, paid a record $24.7 billion in taxes and state royalties in fiscal 2022, the highest in Texas history.

“Punitive tax schemes targeting the energy Americans depend upon for daily living will do nothing but lower production and hurt consumers,” Staples added.

Ed Longanecker, president of the Texas Independent Producers & Royalty Owners Association, pointed out the president recognizing “that oil and natural gas is clearly needed” was a “positive” sign but “the timeframe given was completely implausible. Under any realistic scenario, oil and natural gas will continue to play a critical role in meeting global energy demand, providing unprecedented economic contributions for our country and in protecting our nation’s energy security for many decades to come. To say otherwise is simply political rhetoric. Punishing energy producers is only hurting American consumers, driving energy prices higher, and putting our global allies at risk.”

Longanecker also pointed out that “Texas produced a record level of natural gas last year and near record levels of oil, while also contributing record levels of state taxes and state royalty payments.” The industry also responded to and rose above “the inordinate pressure and regulatory burdens it faces from Washington.” It did so as those in the Permian Basin reduced emissions by over 76% and the Texas natural gas industry fueled Europe, he added.

Representing western companies who’ve fought the administration over canceled lease sales and permits, Western Energy Alliance president Kathleen Sgamma told The Center Square, “It’s unfortunate that Democrats feel a need to be hostile to businesses. Enterprises, such as energy companies, produce the goods and services and pay the wages that fund the entire government and non-profit sectors, yet to the president, it is never enough.”

She also noted that “the oil and natural gas industry pays hundreds of billions in royalties, income taxes, severance taxes, property taxes, and fees to federal, state and local governments. It’s interesting how the White House likes to beat up American oil companies when they do well, but never seems concerned in the lean years or when investors take losses. Returning profits to shareholders is necessary at some point, otherwise why would investors risk their money unless there was some return on their money at some point?

“Without people willing to take a risk with their money, there would be no funding of oil and natural gas projects here in the United States and Saudi Arabia would have to supply our oil, with the Saudi government collecting all the taxes rather than the U.S. government. We can produce that oil here in America, generating profits that create jobs and tax revenue and fund pension plans, or we can just send those hundreds of billions of dollars to Saudi Arabia and Venezuela.”

Tim Stewart, president of the U.S. Oil and Gas Association, agreed, telling The Center Square, “Frankly the President is the last person to be providing investment analysis of the oil and gas industry. His administration all but told Wall Street not to invest in our industry because we would be going away under his watch – then he admitted last night that we are going to be around much longer than his presidency will be.

“The same Administration that misread and then mismanaged the worst energy crisis in 40 years and drew down our Strategic Petroleum Reserve to cover their strategic mistakes, while his policies drove prices to record highs is telling us that we need to ‘do the right thing.’ The same person responsible for the largest deficits on record and trillions in special interest payouts is telling the industry that our investment strategy is flawed. Fortunately, Americans aren’t buying what he is trying to sell.”

Richard Welch, a Houston-based 20-year industry executive, told The Center Square, the president’s proposal was “not only unAmerican but also anti-capitalist. Punishing the oil and gas industry for not expanding its operations after his administration repeatedly said it’s trying to end it is hypocritical.”

The Whitefish City Council is considering whether to enact greater restrictions on where marijuana businesses can operate in the downtown core. The discussions are about the possibility of amending the current buffering after several councilors raised concerns that too many marijuana dispensaries have been approved in downtown.

The Bitterroot National Forest has released the Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement for the Gold Butterfly Project. The project is a proposed vegetation management and fuels reduction project in the Sapphire Mountains east of Corvallis. A large portion of the proposed treatment acres are within an area designated for insect and disease treatment, The area is impacted by mountain pine beetle, Douglas-fir bark beetle, dwarf mistletoe and western spruce budworm. The aproposed treatments include commercial timber harvest, non-commercial thinning, and prescribed burning to improve forest health.

The Calumet Montana oil refinery in Great Falls has completed the multi-million dollar expansion project begun one  year ago. The refinery is now capable of becoming the largest producer of sustainable aviation fuel in the United States. The $90 million project will allow Calumet to become a major player in the expanding markets for bio-based diesel and sustainable aviation fuel.

The Biden administration has taken the first step Friday toward ending federal protections for grizzly bears in the northern Rocky Mountains. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service said the governors of Montana, Idaho and Wyoming provided “substantial” information that grizzlies have recovered from the threat of extinction in the regions surrounding Yellowstone and Glacier national parks. There are now more than 2,000 bears in the Lower 48 states and much larger populations in Alaska, where hunting is allowed.

Brothers Gavin and Joey DeGraw have purchased the Open Range restaurant from Bozeman restaurateur Jay Bentley.The purchase of Open Range has resulted in expanded hours. Open Range is now open seven days a week. Plans are also being made to add lunch hours.

The owner of two downtown Bozeman bars has put the businesses up for sale. Casey Durham,  owner of the Okay Cool Group, said recently that they are listing El Camino and the Kitty Warren Social Club, for sale. The sale will include the option to concession, or rent, the businesses’ liquor license. Both bars are located at 211 E. Main St., Bozeman.

 Official statistics show that 2022  was a good year for the Dawson Community Airport. The numbers show dramatic increases over 2021. Those numbers are heavily inflated due to a temporary change in flight schedules that affected the airport over several months in 2022. According to the MDT’s information, the Dawson Community Airport saw a monthly average increase in ridership of about 99%. These increases in rider numbers are likely due to the change in flight schedules Cape Air enacted in response to a shortage of pilots.

 Taqueria Mi Lindo Michoacan, which loosely translates as “my pretty Michoacan taco shop,” opened during the summer of 2022 in Willston. Thanks to a $5,000 infusion from City of Williston’s Economic Development in the form of a STAR Fund Mini Match, she was able to restock. Navarro makes it clear Taqueria Mi Lindo Michoacan is a restaurant that sells ingredients for patrons to cook their favorite menu items at home.

Build Montana, the heavy equipment program and workforce initiative created through a partnership between the Montana Contractors Association and the Montana Equipment Dealers Association, has been honored nationally for the second time. Build Montana program partners were in Chicago recently to receive the Lester J. Heath Award from the Associated Equipment Distributors Foundation during their annual meeting. Build Montana currently has a program in its third year in Billings, and a program in its second year in Kalispell.

Nearly three months of abundant precipitation across much of Montana nurtured a healthy snowpack coming into the first month of 2023. However weather patterns changed in early January. They produced relatively dry conditions for the month. Southwest Montana received slightly less than normal January precipitation. The report stated that river basins west of the Continental Divide saw a 20% to 30% decrease in snowpack percentages. Rocky Mountain Front basins saw a 30% to 35% decrease since January.

A Dirty Dough Cookie shop will be opened by the Wilda family in Williston, Park Plaza in April. The latest craze in gourmet cookie shops hails from Lindon, Utah, corporate headquarters of Dirty Dough Cookie.

The Izaak Walton Inn in Essex will undergo major remodeling since 1995. The new owners, LOGE Camps, are planning the remodel of the over 84 year old Inn. The new owners are taking steps to keep the historic nature of Inn intact.

State officials emphasized to neighbors of Somers Beach State Park that the overnight accommodations proposed for the park will be unobtrusive. Somers Beach was acquired by the state in October 2021 from the Sliter family. The family previously allowed public access on its property and wanted that access enshrined as well as to see the land protected from future development,

Montana’s redistricting commission has voted 3-2 to finalize new House and Senate maps that will help guide the partisan balance of the state Legislature for the next decade. Chair Maylinn Smith cast the tie-breaking vote in favor of the map. The independent commission also includes two Democrats and two Republicans. The House map is largely derived from one offered by Democrats toward the end of a series of compromises last year, when Smith chose it over the GOP proposal.

The long-term outlook for jobs is positive throughout North Dakota and especially in Region 1, which includes Williams County. Job Service North Dakota’s Labor Market Information Center completed statewide and regional long-term employment projections through 2031. The 2023 results cover more than 700 occupations. Most of the job growth projected for ND over the next decade is in healthcare, construction and extraction, transportation and material moving. – Williston Herald

A Firehouse Subs has opened on the Montana State University campus in Bozeman.

Sidney Sugars Incorporated Inc. announced the closure of the 100-plus year-old sugar beet factory in Sidney. Factory owner, American Crystal Sugar Company claims that there is not enough interest among sugar beet growers to grow an adequate amount of beets to support the factory. Sugar beet growers have stated that the contracts they have been offered over the past few years have not offered prices enough to cover the cost of production, so many have switched to other crops.

Terracon announces the promotion of Marie Maher, P.G., to the position of Principal. With more than 16 years of geological and exploration experience, Marie currently serves as an Assistant National Manager for Terracon Exploration Services for the Western Operating Group in Great Falls. Her responsibilities include growth of the exploration services and development and implementation of initiatives regarding safety, efficiency, and professionalism.

In Great Falls, Alluvion Health’s three school-based health centers have received the Certified Autism Center designation.To receive the CAC designation, the chools met requirements by IBCCES, such as dedication to serving autistic individuals, having at least 80 percent of staff trained and certified, and a commitment to engage in specialized autism training on an ongoing basis.

The Montana Department of Transportation is proposing  to level and resurface about 3.5 miles of Interstate 90, west of Hardin in Bighorn County, beginning approximately 3 miles west of the Toluca Interchange, and extends east, ending approximately half a mile past the interchange. The project is tentatively scheduled for construction in summer of 2023.

Also, the Montana Department of Transportation plans to resurface about 4 miles of Interstate 90 west of Big Timber in Sweet Grass County. The project begins approximately 6 miles east of Springdale, and extends east, ending approximately 4 miles west of Big Timber. The project is tentatively scheduled for construction in the summer of 2025.

The famous M&M Bar in Butte has reopened following its destruction on May, 2021 by fire. The business has been rebuilt next to its original location.

Recent flooding and ice jams have triggered partial closures at Eight Mile Ford and Burnt Tree Hole fishing access sites on the Madison River south of Ennis. The boat ramp areas at these sites are closed due to unstable ice and hazardous flooding conditions. However, the upper walk-in and parking areas remain open.

By Chris Woodward, The Center Square

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has accepted Montana’s petition to delist grizzly bears in the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem. Governor Greg Gianforte petitioned the federal government to delist in December 2021. 

“After decades of work, the grizzly bear has more than recovered in the NCDE, which represents a conservation success,” said Gianforte in a press release. “As part of that conservation success, the federal government has accepted our petition to delist the grizzly in the NCDE, opening the door to state management of this iconic American species.”

The petition from Gianforte said NCDE grizzly bears are not only “within a distinct population” but have “far surpassed” population recovery goals. Gianforte also said that Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks is capable of managing the bears. 

“FWP monitors grizzly bears in the NCDE with the best available science and a team of dedicated specialists,” said the governor’s office. “Although grizzly bears in the lower 48 states have remained under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, much of the day-to-day management is done by FWP’s specialists who work with landowners and the public to address conflicts and increase safety and education in bear country.”

In 1975, grizzly bears were listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. The population of grizzly bears in the continental U.S. was then believed to be in the hundreds. Gianforte’s office said Friday the population in just the NCDE is approximately 1100.

From the National Association of Manufacturers:

* The U.S. trade deficit rose from $61.02 billion in November, the lowest since September 2020, to $67.42 billion in December. The trade deficit was highly volatile in 2022, ranging from the low seen in November to the record high seen in March ($106.40 billion).

* These wild swings were the result of supply chain disruptions, slowing global growth, strength in the U.S. dollar and petroleum prices. The monthly trade deficit averaged a record $79.01 billion in 2022, up from $54.50 billion and $70.42 billion in 2020 and 2021, respectively.

* The increased trade deficit in December stemmed from a reduction in goods exports (down from $171.08 billion to $168.14 billion, a 10-month low) that corresponded with higher goods imports (up from $254.28 billion to $258.78 billion). As a result, the goods trade deficit rose from $83.20 billion to $90.64 billion.

* At the same time, the service-sector trade surplus increased from $22.18 billion to $23.22 billion, a three-year high.

* U.S.-manufactured goods exports totaled $1,292.03 billion in 2022, using non-seasonally adjusted data, soaring 13.84% from $1,134.97 billion in 2021. Likewise, manufactured goods imports grew 13.63% from $2,460.41 billion in 2021 to $2,795.82 billion in 2022.   

* The Index of Consumer Sentiment rose from 64.9 in January to 66.4 in February, a 13-month high, according to preliminary data from the University of Michigan and Thomson Reuters. Assessments of current conditions improved strongly, buoyed by labor market strength and slowing inflation data. Expectations of future conditions slipped a little in February, however.

* Overall, while Americans remain uncertain about geopolitical events and the economy, it is encouraging to see consumer confidence trend in the right direction, even as sentiment remains lower than preferred.

* U.S. consumer credit outstanding rose 2.9% at the annual rate in December, slowing from 8.4% in November. Revolving credit, which includes credit cards and other credit lines, grew 7.3% in December, easing from 15.6% growth in November but remaining a solid figure.

* Even with some deceleration in the latest month, Americans have continued to be willing to take on new debt, helping to buoy increased consumer spending. Indeed, U.S. consumer credit outstanding has increased 7.8% over the past 12 months, with revolving credit soaring 14.8% year-over-year.

After seeing disappointing industrial production and retail sales at the end of last year, the data this week should provide signs of whether activity bounced back in January, both with consumer spending and for manufacturing production. In addition, pricing data are expected to show some continued moderation for both consumers and producers.

Commercial

CommercialCity Of Billings (Airport)/ Monarch Limited Of Montana, 2390 Overlook Dr, Com New Other, $2,550,000

 Girls Scouts Of Montana & Wyomimg/ Construct One, 2303 Grand Ave, Com New Other, $175,000

 Gen 7 Construction LLC/ Collishaw Marital Trust, 1142 S 29th St W, Com New Other, $410,807

 Rob Veltkamp/ Gen 7 Construction LLC, 1146 S 29th St W, Com New Other, $410,807

 Robin L Morton Trust/ T.W. Clark Construction LLC, 2220 Grant Rd, Com Remodel, $815,000

 City Of Billings (Airport)/ Morgan Contractors Inc, 1901 Terminal Cir, Com Remodel $350,000

Kathy Bolin/ Laughlin Construction Inc,.2701 1st Ave N, Com Remodel, $150,000.

Town And Country Supply Association/ Millennium Construction &

Consulting Inc, 523 Hilltop Rd, Demolition Permit Commercial, $30,000

City Of Billings The, 260 Stewart Park Rd, Com Footing/Foundation, $20,000

 Ross Development LLC/ Beartooth Holding & Construction, 1302 Golden Valley Cir, Com Remodel, $360,000

 Jon Lorash/ Bauer Construction, 1611 Zimmerman Trl, Com Remodel, $640,800

 Christ The King Evangelical Lu/. 752 Calhoun Ln, Com Remodel, $20,000

Collishaw Marital Trust/ Gen 7 Construction LLC, 1144 S 29th St W. Com New Other. $410,807

 Amber Hirschi, 1423 38th St W, Com Remodel, $150,000

 Jeremy Freyenhagen/ Wegner Homes, 1343 Broadwater Ave, Com Remodel, $59,362

 Daniel Harris/ Hardy Construction Co., 1233 N 30th St, Com Remodel, $40,000

 Daniel Harris/ Hardy Construction Co., 1233 N 30th St, Com Remodel, $300,000

 Players Club Inc/ Hardy Construction Co., 247 Main St, Com Remodel, $500

Rommesmo Family Limited Partnership/ Marketing Specialties, Inc., 1501 S 30th St W, Com Addition, $50,000

 VTR Properties Llc/ Reichenbach Construction Inc, 2615 4th Ave S, Com Addition, $947,000

 School District #2/ Empire Roofing Inc, 221 29th St W, Com Fence/Roof/Siding, $265,242

 School District No 2/ Empire Roofing Inc, 1315 Lewis Ave, Com Fence/Roof/Siding, $408,758

 Erving Properties Llc/ G & L Enterprizes Inc, 19 S 28th St, Com Fence/Roof/Siding, $3,722

2316 First Ave North Llc/    T.W. Clark Construction Llc, 2310 1st Ave N, Com New Other, $11,000,000

 Bfwy Real Estate Holdings, Llc/ T.W. Clark Construction Llc, 1509 Rehberg Ln, Com New Restaurant/Casino/Bar, $1,000,000

 Atc For Dish Wireless, 526 Bernard St, Com Remodel, $50,000

 Morledge-Hampton Family Llc/ Langlas & Assoc., Inc., 1704 Poly Dr, Com Remodel, $20,000

 Albert Gilbert/ Neumann Construction, 2860 Grand Ave, Com Remodel, $92,000

 Sisters Of Charith Of Leavenwortyh/ Hardy Construction Co., 1233 N 30th St, Com Remodel, $350,000

Residential

Mccall Development Inc/ Mccall Development, 6105 Elysian Rd, Res New Single aFamily, $155,302

Mike Christensen/ Michael Christensen Homes, 2514 Buffalo Ridge Trl, Res New Single Family, $450,000

Mike Christensen/ Michael Christensen Homes, 2510 Buffalo Ridge Trl, Res New Single Family, $450,000

 McCall Development/ McCall Development, 6188 Johanns Meadow Ln, Res New Single Family, $291,509

 Billings Home Run LLC/ ABCO Billings LLC, 5744 W Mets Way, Res New Two Family, $125,040

 Billings Home Run LLC/ ABCO Billings LLC, 5738 W Mets Way, Res New Two Family, $125,040

South Pine Design/ South Pine Design, 5314 N Iron Mountain Rd, Res New Single Family, $450,000

 Infinity Homes/ Infinity Home LLC, 7052 Copper View Way, Res New Single Family, $300,031

While Montana’s economy has been doing quite well over the past couple ofyears, economists are projecting changing winds in 2023.

During the recent Economic Outlook Seminar, Bureau of Business and Economic Research Economist Pat Barkey said that while Montana’s economy grew by over two percent in 2022 it is likely to plummet to zero in 2023 and perhaps even dip into negative territory of  -1.1 percent. 

Barkey said that whether there will be a recession is uncertain. He noted, “A recession was supposed to be here last year.” A recession is still more likely than not – at the very least, the state’s economy will slow significantly, he said. Whatever the next year brings, “it will be a lot different than a year ago.”

In fact, Barkey explained that “There’s something called the Fed recession in our future. It’s been engineered, it’s there, it’s something the Fed is trying to do, or might do.”

While some aspects of inflation have slowed, there remains the likelihood of higher interest rates and diminished investments.

The impact of a recession could be lessened for Montana should the in-migration from other states continue, bringing with them more spending and wealth to the state. It was reiterated several times that the new comers to Montana are good for the state because they are bringing new wealth and spend money.

Barkey said he calls the likely downturn the “rich-cession” because it has had a bigger impact on higher income people than lower income. That is due in large part because of the huge demand for labor.

While not all the numbers are in, overall 2022 appears to have been a very good year for Montana, continuing the economic surge the state experienced in 2021. Statewide average growth was over 5.3 percent in 2021 – the highest it had been since 2006.

According to BBER, 2021 growth was well above average in Flathead, Gallatin and Missoula Counties, driven by the reopening of the economy after the pandemic. The one exception in the state was counties in the eastern portion of the state that are dependent upon the oil and gas industry, which has struggled given that political winds directed investment away from it.

Most of Montana’s economic activity and growth happens in its seven population centers – only 10 percent of state growth occurred outside the seven largest counties.

Perhaps, much to some people’s surprise, Barkey said that mining is Montana’s and Yellowstone County’s most prominent industry.

Barkey expressed some dissatisfaction for the decisions of the Federal Reserve because they were slow in raising interest rates – “they were asleep,” he said. Raising interest rates sooner would have slowed consumer spending sooner, which is what is driving the US economy and needs to be “moderated”.

”We are starting to run out of fuel for consumer spending,” he said, noting that consumers are running out of savings and starting to rack up charges on their credit cards.

“The economy is healing but not healed.”

Inflation is starting to ease a bit – lumber prices have come back down, commodity prices have “settled down”, big ticket consumer purchases are expected to decline in price 4 percent —“all prices are softening.” “Supply chain congestion is better than a year ago.”

While housing prices increased 52 percent statewide since 2020, creating affordability issues for many people, they have weakened somewhat but home sales have slowed.  As interest rates increase home sales will continue to be slow.

Nevertheless, the construction industry has continued to be strong and may become stronger as material prices decline.

A real concern is energy prices, which have come down somewhat but are “still 42 percent higher since the pandemic.” Barkey was critical of President Biden’s policies which have discouraged investors to invest in oil and gas, which has kept the industry down and gas prices high. That industry’s struggles has been very detrimental to Montana, and to Yellowstone County other eastern Montana counties.

Since the economic impacts of COVID mandates,Montana’s health care industry has had significant struggles dealing with labor shortages and rising costs. It is expected to ease in 2023, however.

Lower consumer prices will ease pressure on the labor market. “We need less demand for workers; those pressures are pushing up costs,” said Barkey, but he also pointed out that the labor shortage was materializing before the pandemic. “The workers are there – they are working – the problem is we need more of them.”

There has been a seven percent increase in wages – but that is not more than the rate of inflation.

“Wages ae not so fat and happy as you think.”

The strength of Montana’s economy over the past couple years is evidenced in income tax collections in the state. They still show double digit growth, but “beware of any forecasting,” warned Barkey, “No one knows where you are until we go through April” – and can see tax returns.

“Last year’s 2 percent growth is amazing.” but Barkey’s forecast for 2023 will see a “slamming on the brakes” for the state.

Montana’s economy may not be as dependent upon performance as it is dependent upon the “fragile” world economy.

Barkey provided predictions from HIS Markit:

—While 2023 may see a recession it will also see the beginning of a recovery from recession which will gain momentum in 2024.

—economic weakness is expected in several segments with residential investment leading the way.

—the price of US farm output, currently more than double its pandemic low, which remain elevated through 2022 will ease as crops come in in 2023.

—slowing growth will cause oil prices to ease to $84.

—consumer spending will grow modestly through 2024, constrained by a rebound in personal savings rate from the unsustainable lows below 3 percent. Fixed income will decline to 4.1 percent in 2023 with weakness concentrated in construction, both residential and nonresidential.

—labor markets will remain tight but the trend in payroll gains is slowing.

—the fed will raise its policy rate by March to the range of 4.75 percent to five percent and allow its balance sheet to decline by about one-third through 2024.

—inflation will decline in three steps. Already underway are declines in the prices of energy and agricultural commodities that are allowing headline inflation to fall quickly below core inflation. In a second step there will be easing in supply-chain tensions, or decline in the pries of certain core goods; such as vehicles, fist used and then new. In step thee, a recession eventually tempers inflation pressures emanating from labor markets.

—a risk exists that a resilient economy remains strong for longer than previously anticipated, requiring a more aggressive and persistent monetary tightening (higher interest rates) to contain inflation which would precipitate a later and more severe recession.