By Evelyn Pyburn

As we see, in our own fair cities, massive apartment buildings towering above the streets for blocks and blocks, looking more like prison walls than a place to live, we have to realize that life has changed for each and every citizen in the United States. And, it is a dilemma of our own making – the cause for which our “leaders” are stubbornly refusing to correct even though they have accurately identified the cause.

I recall watching movies filmed in other countries with scenes of shoebox style apartment buildings lining streets for huge quadrants of a city – stark and dreary and depressing places — and I thought “that’s because their standard of living is so far below that of ours in the US.” Seeing the same thing now in the US as the acceptable solution to a nationwide housing shortage, has to be for the same reason. We are being pushed into a lower standard of living.

All the other reasons that are often given, such as development costs, rising costs of construction, supply line shortages, etc. point to but one problem – artificial disruptions in the market – disruptions that are caused by centralized planning and political manipulations. That conclusion is inescapable, if one understands that the free market is inexorable. The free market responds to “supply and demand” faster than the blink of an eye, if not artificially prohibited by regulators and politicians. In fact, if one watches closely, one sees that keeping up with rapid market changes is the biggest challenge for those trying to control it.

So the question: “Why isn’t the market responding to the huge, huge demand for housing?” There is only one answer, market barriers, which means but one thing — government.

That was in fact the answer that the special committee established by Montana’s governor came up with, after studying the matter. Regulations!

The conclusion should not have been surprising if one listens to builders and contractors and industry professionals. At every opportunity, for many, many years, they have proclaimed as much. During the last effort to “re-code” building regulations in Billings, input from the building industry was essentially shut out in favor of those who use the codes to achieve goals other than affordable or “safe” housing. For them the codes are not there to serve housing or traffic safety, but to fulfill quests for power over others, esthetic wishes, ideologies, and partisan goals of bureaucrats. They are imposed from the top down, without regard to cost, property rights, or any other kind of loss to the consumer.

No one should be surprised at the committee’s conclusion about over regulation, but what is astounding is how little they recommended for change. While building codes — mandating the placement of every board and nail, building shapes and size, fencing and landscaping — easily fill volumes of legal language, the committee found very little that should be changed in that area. Basically, their biggest conclusion was that regulations need to be changed so that builders can more easily build the high-rise, shoebox, wall apartments, which seems to be the future envisioned of how peons should live. No more quaint little cottages on tree-lined streets with flowers and picket fences, with children and pets and neighbors playing and visiting in the yards.

Shoebox apartments are NOT what consumers are demanding, but it is what the regulators of supply are insisting we accept. This is not the market place at work. It is government controlling the people. Given a free market, and the freedom to innovate, create and experiment, and protection of property rights, there is no doubt that the building industry would solve the housing crisis in a nanosecond. The free market ALWAYS works. But first it needs to be free.

Current economic conditions are proving to be especially difficult for the young, according to a recent report in Epoch Times.

The obstacles holding younger generations back include historically high home prices, stagnant inflation, debt and spending habits, and wages.

And, according to the National Association of Realtors (NAR) home prices aren’t going to go down any time soon. NAR reported the highest ever national median sales price of $419,300 for a single-family home in May.

“We’re actually forecasting that home prices will continue to grow based on the lack of inventory and demand for home ownership,” Jessica Lautz, NAR deputy chief economist and vice president of research.

A $400,000 price tag translates to a $40,000 down payment—with the usual requirement of 10 percent of the home cost.

Millennials born 1981 to 1996, and Generation Z, born 1997 to 2012, face an uphill battle on the path to first-time home ownership, particularly in the years following the COVID-19 pandemic.

Factors impacting home affordability for the younger generations include historically high prices, three years of stubborn inflation and interest rates, personal debt and spending habits, unemployment, restricted development, and wages. And, often burdened with student loan debts, limited incomes and facing high interest rates, would-be young home buyers have trouble qualifying for any mortgage.

At current prices a single family would have to spend $4,000 or $5,000 a month in mortgage payments. In addition many areas have limited inventory.

The average homebuyer’s monthly housing payment is $2,829. That’s $30 less than the record high in April but more than double from three years prior. In 2021, the median monthly mortgage payment was $1,242, compared with $972 in 2011, according to Bankrate.

Using economic data on historical home prices and household incomes from the Federal Reserve, a Visual Capitalist report illustrates how, in 1984, the house sales price-to-income ratio was at 3.49 as the median annual household income for Americans was $22,420 and the median house sales price was $78,2000.

That ratio climbed to 5.8 in 2022 as the median household income rose to $74,580 while median house sales prices skyrocketed to $442,600 in quarter four. The ratio, however, dropped to 4.9 in 2023, according to a 2024 Harvard report. It remains, however, unaffordable for many households.

While Federal Reserve data indicate that between 1971 and 2024, the current interest rate of 6.86 percent has stayed below the historic highs of 18 percent or more seen in the early 1980s, interest rates soared after hitting historic lows of 2.65 percent in January 2021. This was due to the Fed raising interest rates to combat inflation, which significantly increased mortgage rates on homes.

Mortgage down payments are also high. The home marketplace Zillow released a June 20 study that found that for a “typical” U.S. home valued at roughly $360,000, home buyers with a median income would need to put down nearly $127,750 to secure a mortgage that would ensure monthly payments were 30 percent or less of their monthly income.

The annual inflation rate in June 2022 climbed to 9.1 percent—the largest increase in 40 years. The current rate of 3.3 percent is still significantly higher than the average 0.1 percent seen in 2015.

For young Americans who can only afford to rent, more of their income goes to rent than in years past. The average proportion of a person’s income that goes to rent was 25 percent in 2000, and it’s now 40 percent. A study by Susan Wachter, a professor of real estate and finance at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, found that 49 percent of those aged 18 to 29 chose to live with their parents in 2021, up from 27 percent in 1960.

While year-over-year wages grew considerably after the pandemic for those under 40, data from the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta show that wage growth peaked in 2022 before falling each subsequent year as median home prices continued their ascent.

Unemployment rates also ballooned during the pandemic, rising to 14.8 percent in April 2020. The rate plunged as the economy slowly recovered, dropping to 3.4 percent in 2023 but rising slightly again to 4 percent in May.

A June 24 research study from Lending Tree analyzed more than 428,000 anonymized credit reports from users in 100 largest U.S. metropolitan areas. It found that 97.1 percent of Gen Zers possess non-mortgage debt of some kind. Roughly 80.8 percent owe credit card debt, and the median non-mortgage debt for that age group hovers around $16,562.

The numbers are even higher for millennials. Non-mortgage debt averages $30,558, while 38.4 percent have student loan debt, the highest for any age group. Millennials are also the second most likely age group to have personal loans with 16.8 percent owing a median balance of $2,921.

A government grant of $3.2 million will purchase electric school buses for Billings School District 2 this coming school year in partnership with First Student, the district’s transportation contractor. The grant, through the Montana Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) will cover the cost of purchasing the buses and constructing the charging infrastructure.

According to reports the cost of an electric school bus is about $400,000 – about four times the cost of a diesel school bus.

Public schools are claiming a new reasoning, besides a threat of global warming, for using electric vehicles. They are concerned about the exposure to diesel exhaust for children. They point out that diesel exhaust is a known carcinogen, to which children are being exposed on a daily basis.

The electric school bus has no exhaust to be concerned about.

Havre School District used electric school buses last year, to high acclaim. Not even cold weather was a detriment, they reported. Apparently, researchers are finding ways to enable EVs to deal with the cold. A system, called e-Thermal bank, is separate from the main EV battery and combines a chemical heat pump with microwave energy to produce heating or cooling on demand. Researchers estimate that the e-Thermal bank can deliver a range extension of up to 70% at a cost that is less than expanding battery capacity.

Billings is apparently getting the federal funds to buy the buses because Billings is included in a federal “Clean Cities program”. Billings and other Montana cities, as well as communities in Idaho and Wyoming are part of a special region called Yellowstone-Teton Clean Cities or YTCC’s.

YTCC functions as the Department of Energy’s on-the-ground advocate focused on petroleum displacement activities in the Greater Yellowstone Region. YTCC’s mission is to reduce consumption of traditional petroleum-based fuels in the three- state region; encourage and expand the use of alternative fuels, and advanced vehicle technologies by promoting other transportation options.

 Other than YTCC, the Clean Cities Program has about 90 communities targeted.

Other cities included in YTCC are Bozeman, Big Sky, West Yellowstone and others surrounding Yellowstone Park – – as the federal government is making an effort make the greater Yellowstone Region the focus of a petroleum displacement area.

Many of the cities are getting funds to build electric charging stations.

As traffic safety partners across Montana prepare to meet this month, roadway fatalities continue to be a primary concern. In 2023, 208 people died on Montana roads, and Vision Zero – zero deaths and zero serious injuries on Montana roadways – remains the goal. Statewide crash trends will be one agenda item of discussion at the (https:// mdt.mt. gov/visionzero /plans/ chsp.shtml) Executive Leadership Team (ELT) virtual meeting scheduled for Thursday, July 25, from 1 to 3 p.m.

“Despite challenges, leaders across the state continue to work together with a common goal of Vision Zero,” said Larry Flynn, Deputy Director of the Montana Department of Transportation (MDT). “Zero is the only acceptable number of lives lost on Montana’s roadways, and MDT looks forward to continued collaboration and coordination with our partners statewide to work towards that goal.”

The agenda for the meeting includes:

– Public Comment

– Comprehensive Highway Safety Plan Overview

– Statewide Impaired Driving Work Plan Approval

It’s Time for Dig It Days

As summer is once again upon us, it’s time to mark the calendar for Dig It Days.  As before, Dig It Days will be on the last two days of Montana Fair, Friday and Saturday, August 16 and 17, from noon to 6 pm.

And, new this year is the option of getting free tickets into Montana Fair from Dig It Days Sponsors. That means everything is free because there is no charge for the fun at Dig It Days.

Produced by Yellowstone Family and Yellowstone County News, “Dig It Days!” has been a bigger and bigger hit every year since its beginning four years ago. And why wouldn’t it be? It’s an opportunity for kids to explore, climb on, “drive”, take pictures and fantasize about every kind of dirt-moving, heavy equipment imaginable. It is wholly sponsored by equipment dealers, contractors and other businesses involved in the construction industry. It’s meant to introduce youngsters to the construction industry. It’s also a fundraiser for scholarships and an opportunity to talk to prospective employers or colleges. Those interested in future employment in the construction industry can meet company representatives and employers from all aspects of the industry, who will be present to answer questions and provide information.

Kids of all ages have an opportunity to operate back hoes and excavators, under supervision of experienced operators  — and some of those kids are “oldsters” who have always wanted to try their hand at operating one of the big machines. 

Also, a very popular feature is “Sand Mountain,” where kids can play and dig in the sand to their heart’s content. Lucky dirt diggers may find treasures that win great prizes.

There will be numerous activity booths which offer hands- on -experiences and with prizes and give-aways.

 The static displays of big machinery are available, courtesy of area dealers, such as RDO equipment Co. Tri-state Truck & Equipment, Modern Machinery, Equipment Share, Torgersons, Arnold Machinery and more,

A big Sand Mountain will be in the midst of it all.

Dig It Days will give away t-shirts for kids and adults each day, construction hats and stickers, on a first-come bases.

Dig It Days was launched in 2019 by Yellowstone Family, Yellowstone County News’ non-profit foundation, with the goal of providing wholesome family fun, educational and constructive opportunities while supporting worthwhile programs for youth and other needs in the community.

MontanaFair runs for nine days, August  9-17. Free entry tickets to Montana Fair may be picked up at one of Dig It Days many sponsors. The free vouchers are for Friday noon – 2pm only.

To be a sponsor or for more information call Jonathan McNiven at (406) 348-2650 or visit www.digitdays.org.

By Evelyn Pyburn

Some time this summer Yellowstone County will initiate an arraignment court.

The need for an arraignment court in Yellowstone County has been growing and it will become essential once the proposed short-term holding facility becomes a reality, according to Yellowstone County’s Justice of the Peace David Carter.

Judge Carter is currently in the process of gathering data about how many defendants pass through the courts  – municipal courts of Billings or Laurel, justice court, and district courts  — each week. “We are trying to see what the work load will look like and how to manage it on a daily basis,” said Judge Carter.

“This is significant change,” said Carter, pointing out that it will affect almost all aspects of how the court system operates, requiring a lot of changes of judges, clerks, detectives and law enforcement officers.  “We are going to try it this summer. There will be some trial and error,” he said.

This will be the first arraignment court in Montana. It is meant to address the needs of the short term holding facility that the county and city have collaborated to build. The county accepted applications this week for a general contractor to oversee its construction, which is anticipated to take about a year. The facility will hold inmates for only 72 hours. It is viewed as one of the solutions to the over-crowed jail that serves Yellowstone County. It will enable law enforcement to arrest and hold those perpetrating minor offenses, for whom in the past they have not been able to jail because of having no place to hold them.

A primary goal of having an arraignment court is to relieve some of the pressure on the processing requirements in the other courts.

What’s an arraignment court?

It’s a defendant’s first appearance in court – the first time they appear before a judge. Judge Carter said anyone having seen the television show “Night Court” may have an idea what it is, but the arraignment court for Yellowstone County is not going to be held at night – nor will it have Judge Harry Stone or a “Bull” Shannon.

In many larger court systems the defendant is arraigned before they ever go to jail, but if that doesn’t happen, the arraignment still must happen within a reasonable period of time after arrest, usually within 48 to 72 hours. The short term holding facility creates a need for the arraignment to happen very promptly.

During the arraignment, a defendant is formally advised of the criminal charges against him, informed of his rights, and may be asked to enter a plea to the charges. The court may also decide at arraignment whether the defendant will be released pending trial.

It involves a process of sorting out the charges against a defendant in accordance with state laws or local ordinances, looking at their criminal record and determining, if there are other outstanding charges, misdemeanors or felons. Quite often a defendant does have other pending charges and perhaps outstanding warrants, or instances of having failed to appear in court, explained Carter. “Someone may be on probation, have felonies or is a fugitive. A lot of people arrested in Billings have warrants from other cities or from outside the state,” explained Judge Carter. Determining those facts dictates in which court – municipal, justice or district — they are charged and what the charges will be, making sure there are no contradictions in the records.

Oversight of an arraignment court must be an attorney who is either elected or appointed by the County Commissioners. Besides deciding the charges and the court, they decide  such things as whether there will be a bond and if so how much, or will the defendant be required to have a GPS ankle bracelet or will there be alcohol monitoring, etc.

The goal is to harmonize their appearance in court and to communicate what they have to do, set a schedule and to direct the right pace to go,” said Judge Carter.  The point is “to cycle people through quickly and not to have wasted space.”

A lawsuit filed on June 12, by the American Farm Bureau Federation and 11 other groups, challenges the lawfulness of the Bureau of Land Management’s Public Lands Rule, which threatens the future of ranching in the U.S. by destabilizing a decades-old tradition of grazing on federal lands.

Gary Heibertshausen, a sheep rancher in Montana and Farm Bureau member, says access to public lands for livestock grazing is crucial to the success of his ranch. “If Willow Creek Partners could not graze its livestock on federal land, we would be forced to sell our sheep and cease operating as a ranch.”

Heibertshausen and his partners hold six grazing permits covering several thousand acres of federal lands. He is supporting the case, saying the BLM rule creates substantial risk and uncertainty for ranchers, adding, “Under the rule, we can no longer be certain that the public lands on which we currently rely for grazing will remain available for grazing over the coming years.”

BLM issued the final rule in May with a stated goal of increasing the health and resilience of public lands, but a lack of clarity in the rule and changes in policy that are not authorized by law make it unacceptable. The rule also makes it more difficult for ranchers to play an important role in the stewardship of public lands.

AFBF President Zippy Duvall said, “Further restricting grazing on public lands takes us backward not forward because ranchers are delivering a return on the trust placed in them to care for public lands. They are clearing brush that could fuel wildfires, controlling invasive species, and bringing overall health benefits to the land.”

The benefits of grazing range from reducing wildfire risk and slowing the spread of invasive weeds to building robust root systems and spurring forage growth for native species. The misguided Public Lands Rule threatens the important balance our country has achieved on public lands, as well as the future stability of the many ranches that depend on grazing permits.

BLM oversees approximately 245 million acres of property in the West, which amounts to one-tenth of all U.S. land. For nearly a century, farmers and ranchers have worked with the federal government to ensure Western land can be used for both public enjoyment and agricultural use. So the rule changes to the management of public lands have broad implications for agriculture and the future for America’s ranchers.

Commercial

Larson Family Properties LLC / Leaf Pediatrics, 985 Peachtree Rd, Com Remodel – Change In Use, $15,000

McDonalds Real Estate Company|Langlas & Assoc. Inc, 525 Wicks Ln, Com Remodel, $75,000

Beacon Air Group |Monarch Limited Of Montana, 2523 Altimeter Dr, Com New Warehouse/Storage , $800,000

Edie Best |Jones Construction Inc, 25 N 17th St, Billings Animal Family Clinic, Com New Office/Bank,  $1,909,325

School District #2|Earth Movers Excavation Inc, 1812 19th St W, Com Remodel, $45,000

Natalie Hilderman |Bullseye Electric Llc, 504 Bernard St, Com Remodel – Change In Use, $1,500

Homefront |TW Ridley Llc, 1024 St Johns Ave, Com Remodel, $35,400

Homefront |TW Ridley Llc 1028 St Johns Ave, Com Remodel, $35,400

Homefront |TW Ridley Llc, 1029 St Johns Ave, Com Remodel,  $35,400

Homefront |TW Ridley Llc, 1030 St Johns Ave, Com Remodel, $35,400

Homefront |TW Ridley Llc, 1026 St Johns Ave, Com Remodel, $35,400

Billings Clinic|Swanke Construction Bc Pet Ct, 801 N 29th St, Com Remodel, $75,000

State Of Mt Department Of Admistration|Bradford Roof Management Inc/ 701 S 27th St, Com Fence/Roof/Siding $270,850   R

Marks Janet & Marcel Rev Livi|T.O. Jones Construction Inc., 2204 Alderson Ave, Com Fence/Roof/Siding, $15,600

Family Beginnings LLC|Montana Freestone Construction LLC, 134 Grand Ave, Com Remodel – Change In Use, $35,000

Brandish Properties LLC|Valentine Remodeling, 304 Grand Ave, Com Remodel, $25,000

Homefront |Wovek Inc,  925 S 31st St, Com Remodel, $46,000

Homefront |Wovek Inc , 3007 9th Ave S, Com Remodel, $76,666

School District #2|Bauer Construction , 2201 St Johns Ave, Com Remodel, $500

Cta Building Llp|Centimark Corp, 13 N 23rd St, Com Fence/Roof/Siding,  $186,764

Rimrock Mall |Neumann Construction, 300 S 24th St W, Com Remodel, $50,000

Sasi Investments Llc|Sawtooth Contracting Inc , 2001 Rosebud Dr, Com Remodel – Change In Use, $5,000

Michelle Trudell |Bauer Construction , 2240 Grant Rd, Suite 1, Com Remodel, $200,000

Mayflower Congregational Churc|Wegner Homes , 2940 Poly Dr, Com Remodel, $113,850

Costco Wholesale|Lydig Construction Inc , 2290 King Ave W, Com Remodel, $197,000

First Congregational Church Of|Integrity Building And Development, 310 N 27th S, Com Remodel, $9,500

Jason Marble, 3485 A J Way, Marble Coffee Roaster, Com Remodel – Change In Use, $250

Amerco Real Estate Company|Commercial Roofing Montana LLC, 1515 Grand Ave, Com Fence/Roof/Siding, $586,360   r

Mike D Dimich Sons|Lennick Bros. Roofing & Sheetmetal,  344 Howard Ave, Com Fence/Roof/Siding, $8,000  r

Am Cbre 1st South Llc|Lennick Bros. Roofing & Sheetmetal, 3004 1st Ave S, Com Fence/Roof/Siding, $7,000   r

St Lukes Episcopal Church|Absolute Construction, 119 N 33rd St, Com Remodel, $30,000

Brock Williams |Dimension Edge Inc Dba Big Sky Solarwind 1500 Poly Dr, Com Addition, $250,000

Beacon Air Group |Monarch Limited Of Montana , 2533 Altimeter Dr, Com New Warehouse/Storage, $800,000

School District 2|Bauer Construction , 425 Grand Ave, Com Remodel, $85,000

Fischer Technologies |Dynamic Construction Solutions LLC , 2404 6th Ave N, Com Remodel, $10,000

Brad Barker , 208 N 29th St, Com Remodel $7,500

School District #2|Empire Roofing Inc, 3723 Central Ave, Com Fence/Roof/Siding, $127,869  R

Yellowstone County|Hardy Construction Co, 2825 3rd Ave N, Com Remodel, $15,000

Single Family

Concepcion Construction|Concepcion Construction Llc, 131 Morocco Dr, Res New Single Family, $350,000

4 Mt Homes Inc |4 Mt Homes Inc, 996 Matador Ave, Res New Single Family, $303,397

Infinity Home LLC |Infinity Home LLC, 879 El Rancho Dr, Res New Single Family, $242,671

Infinity Home LLC |Infinity Home LLC, 2212 Modera Ave, Res New Single Family, $196,546

4 Mt Homes Inc |4 Mt Homes Inc, 2271 Lindero Blvd, Res New Single Family, $206,904

Hanser Capital Holdings Llc|Great States Construction, 4411 Dacha Dr, Res New Townhome, $850,000

South Pine Design |South Pine Design, 5326 N Iron Mountain Rd, Res New Single Family, $500,000

Rimrock Builders Inc|Rimrock Builders Inc, 1905 E Thunder Mountain Rd, Res New Single Family, $600,000

WL Zimmerman LLC|Lees Construction & Development LLC, 3635 Spring Wheat Ln, Res New Townhome, $1,250,000

WL Zimmerman LLC|Lees Construction & Development LLC , 1925 Charlotte Dr, Res New Townhome,  $1,025,000

WL Zimmerman LLC|Lees Construction & Development LLC, 3632 Avenue E, Amber Apartment Homes – 4-Plex New Construction Of (13) 4-Ple Res New Townhome $900,000

WL Zimmerman LLC|Lees Construction & Development LLC, 2024 Charlotte Dr, Res New Townhome, $900,000

WL Zimmerman LLC|Lees Construction & Development LLC,  2022 Charlotte Dr, Res New Townhome, $900,000

WL Zimmerman LLC|Lees Construction & Development LLC, 2005 Charlotte Dr, Res New Townhome, $900,000

WL Zimmerman LLC|Lees Construction & Development LLC, 2007 Charlotte Dr, Res New Townhome, $900,000

WL Zimmerman LLC|Lees Construction & Development LLC, 2012 Charlotte Dr, Res New Townhome, $900,000

WL Zimmerman LLC|Lees Construction & Development LLC, 2014 Charlotte Dr, Res New Townhome, $900,000

WL Zimmerman LLC|Lees Construction & Development LLC,  2015 Charlotte Dr, Res New Townhome, $900,000

WL Zimmerman LLC|Lees Construction & Development LLC, 2017 Charlotte Dr, Development LLC, Res New Townhome, $900,000

WL Zimmerman LLC|Lees Construction & Development LLC, 2025 Charlotte Dr, Res New Townhome, $900,000

WL Zimmerman LLC|Lees Construction & Development LLC 2027 Charlotte Dr, Res New Townhome, $900,000

WL Zimmerman LLC|Lees Construction & Development LLC, 3636 Harvest Time Ln, Res New Townhome, $900,000

WL Zimmerman LLC|Lees Construction & Development LLC, 3638 Harvest Time Ln, Res New Townhome, $900,000

Steve Gountanis Homes Inc |Steve Gountanis Homes Inc, 5345 Riesling Ln, Res New Single Family, $650,000

Hill Ron S Living Trust|Diverse Construction LLC, 2160 Greenbriar Rd, Res New Single Family, $294,590

McDonald Brian|Jorden Construction , 4610 Loma Vista Dr, Res New Single Family, $1,180,000

Mike Christensen |Michael Christensen Homes, 4704 Ravenwood Dr, Res New Two Family, $396,632

Montana Endeavors LLC, 2742 Palm Dr, Res New Single Family, $750,000

Habitat For Humanity Mid Yell|Habitat For Humanity, 1527 Ping Circle, Res New Single Family, $350,000

Christoferson David & Rebecca|Ketchum Construction & Woodworks Inc, 1951 Black Fig Ct, Res New Single Family, $980,000

Infinity Home LLC |Infinity Home LLC, 2224 Modera Ave, Res New Single Family, $211,636

Billings Best Builders |Billings Best Builders LLC, 5239 Amherst Dr, Res New Single Family, $250,000

The Montana Petroleum Association will hold its Annual Meeting on August 26 thru 28 at the Doubletree Hotel in Billings. A barbeque dinner will be held at the Pryor Creek Golf Course in Huntley on Tuesday evening of August 27.

Leen Wiejers, Vice President of Engineering and Liberty Energy will be the guest speaker at the annual Petroleum Appreciation Luncheon on Wednesday, August 28, to which the public is invited. Leen has authored dozens of industry courses and publications. He also played a key role in the calibration of fracture growth models with various fracture diagnostics such as tiltmeter and micro-seismic fracture mapping technologies.

A number of presenters will be featured on the program on Wednesday forenoon, beginning at 7:30 am.

For more information contact bobbie@montanapetroleum.org.

The 21st Annual Energy Open Conference and Golf Tournament will be held on Aug.8  and 9  in Colstrip.

Southeastern Montana Development invites the public to participate in this event which “showcases the economic benefits of responsible energy development.” It  is an opportunity to tour unique energy facilities, network with energy leaders, decision makers, legislators, and if desired, golf on the second day. The Energy Open starts at 9 am on Thursday, August 8. Tours will be given of the Rosebud Mine and of the Rosebud Power Plant.

Contact SEMDC at (406) 748-2990 or email jatchision@semdc.org or ahert@semdc.org. Registration at www.semdc.org.