By Evelyn Pyburn

The message that is conveyed in the marketplace whenever government funded subsidies are applied to any commodity is so glaring it is hard to imagine how so many – apparently learned experts – miss it so completely. Government subsidies scream to the high heavens that a product has no market viability. That is to say it is a money loser. It does not serve the market – consumers – in a profitable way – it costs more to produce than the value it generates. It is the very essence of failure.

It is no great insight when people point to a subsidized product and predict long-term failure – “long term” because no matter for how long the period of subsidization is set, be assured it will be extended and extended, again and again.

What is worse – anything in the market that is dependent on subsidies will always remain in that position, ALWAYS. So reasoning that a subsidy is only meant to allow the commodity opportunity to become viable is a pipedream – or worse, a scheme to make some people rich at taxpayer expense.

As reprehensible as that might be, the greater loss to society is that subsidies wind up condemning what might be a very good idea to eternal failure because those who are drawn to participate in the subsidies have zero incentive to change — to improve the product, or make it market viable. Why should they? To do so means the end of subsidies that eliminate market risk. Subsidies give participants immunity to the market.

Incentives matter.

A subsidized market does not attract entrepreneurs; it attracts exploiters who are dedicated to milking the system. A product like electric vehicles, a concept which holds many positives and promises great potential, will never become economically viable as long as it is subsidized – as long as the government is a partner.

The damages to the automobile manufacturers who have lost hundreds of millions of dollars as a consequence of their schemes with the government to subsidize electric vehicles was entirely predictable. The product was a loser in the marketplace, which is why the government subsidized it; and once subsidized, it was never going to become profitable. The realities of subsidies is a basic principle of economics, which any company executive should understand as clearly as the ‘law of supply and demand’. The CEOs were either wholly unqualified to be leading the companies, or not the innocents they would want us to believe. They thought they would get away with bilking the taxpayers. 

Subsidies discourage entrepreneurs because of the corruption involved. There are plenty of incidents in which innovators – those who dare to upset the apple cart – have been undermined by the political alliances that subsidies create. Successful innovators would upset their cozy alliance — the easy “profits” to the businesses and the power to politicians. 

Taxpayer funded subsidies create special interest groups who give politicians power. The greatest example of that which we are currently enduring is the quashing of individual liberties being instigated in the name of global warming.  While people who object to the laws, which are invading all aspects of our lives, are being ridiculed as “global warming deniers,” the truth is most are not denying the possibility that the planet is warming (Earth is going to eventually be burnt to a cinder, so why wouldn’t it gradually be warming?) — they are objecting to using that possibility as a ploy for eliminating our freedom. If we are to deal with such threats we will need the freedom to do so. What? We are supposed to count on government to save us from the perils that loom?

Subsidies do serve a purpose for some people, hence, fake entrepreneurs and politicians often work in tandem to make the efforts of innovators as difficult as possible, if not downright illegal. Innovators cannot be allowed to succeed because it would upset the cozy alliances.

Look around the community at those things in which government is involved, real business people don’t go near them – at least not until the government has made such a mess of things that it opens the door for opportunity.  Competition (like FedEx or UPS) only challenged the US Postal Service once technology and market demand for greater efficiencies opened the door to a market that the government was managing incredibly poorly.

One can only speculate, but the many years of city government promising to enter the Billings convention services market, surely must have impacted one company’s decision about the risk factors involved in investing to remodel their convention center, and probably dissuaded others from entering the business. No one wants to have to compete against a government that can forcibly acquire capital from hapless taxpayers, no matter how poorly they manage things.

Those who believe that “clean energy” alternatives such as wind and solar hold promise for the future should take note. These alternatives only exist because of subsidies. In fact, they are so wholly subsidized by the government that there have been reports that some “investment” costs were fully paid for by subsidies before the first day of energy generation. Such is not a market environment that holds promise for the future of such technologies. The number one priority of those on the forefront of these enterprises is to continue the subsidies. A product that can economically sustain itself will never happen as long as this is the situation.

The great irony is these energy alternatives do not reduce greenhouse gas emissions as we consumers are constantly told they do. The case is made that they do, by not including all the costs involved in getting them to market. The amount of the subsidies that the government gives to the generating facility is an indication of how much of their cost – hence their emissions — is not being accurately calculated.

So, when was the last time a news announcement about a new wind or solar facility included the amount the project is being subsidized? Why would such important information for taxpayers be left out?

All that deception is a tragedy for society because the concepts of wind and solar energy are great – especially for areas in the world where electrical grids like that in the US do not exist. To develop an energy technology that is truly economically viable would serve the world unlike anything ever devised to sustain humanity. But one has to suspect that would-be innovators are not focused on them because subsidies have destroyed all incentives to do so.

Subsidies sustain failure by destroying incentives.

Stockman Insurance has announced it is merging with Jacoby Insurance Group, a health and benefits agency based in Helena. Jacoby Insurance Group focuses on life and health insurance, offering Medicare insurance health plans, life & disability income insurance, long-term care insurance, small group employer insurance and property & casualty insurance.

Vice President and General Manager, KC Keith, says the merger is transformational for Stockman Insurance, allowing the agency to expand its services and enter the insurance benefits arena. “By offering health and benefits solutions, we enhance our ability to provide comprehensive insurance products to all Montanans,” stated Keith.

All Jacoby Insurance Group employees have been offered employment with Stockman Insurance. Meg Jacoby, owner and lead agent, will be joining Stockman Insurance to lead the new health and benefits department. “With her extensive expertise in the health and benefits field, Meg will play a crucial role in designing and implementing our vision of delivering tailored insurance solutions to meet the diverse needs of Montanans,” added Keith. “We are confident that her leadership and knowledge will significantly contribute to our mission of providing exceptional service and support to our clients.”

“My entire staff and I have worked very hard for many years to set a gold standard for providing help, guidance, and advice for our clients navigating the complicated world of health insurance,” said Jacoby. “Medicare in particular can be especially frustrating, and we go way beyond what any 1-800 number can provide. We are excited to bring our brand of customer service and knowledge to Stockman Insurance and look forward to continuing our tradition of excellence for many years to come.”

NorthWestern Energy Group, Inc. announced a letter of intent to provide energy services for a developer planning new data centers in Montana. The centers will be served as part of NorthWestern Energy’s regulated business, which is expected to lower the cost per customer to operate NorthWestern’s Montana generation resources. The energy service load is expected to be a minimum 50 megawatts, beginning in 2027, with growth to 250 megawatts or more by 2029.

The company also announced plans to provide electric supply service to Altas Power Group at its Butte, Montana data center. The new energy supply load is expected to be 75 megawatts beginning in 2026, with forecasted growth of up to another 75 megawatts in the subsequent three to five years.

“Reliable energy service is a critical component in this effort. This development will create new jobs, increase the state’s tax base and demonstrates how Montana’s open-for-business mindset and pro-growth programs are driving the state’s prosperity.”

 “NorthWestern Energy’s strategic resource acquisitions and diverse generation portfolio position us as a pivotal economic partner in Montana,” said NorthWestern Energy President and CEO Brian Bird. “As a regulated energy company, we offer reliable power from a clean energy portfolio at competitive rates, making Montana an attractive destination for new businesses and industries. This collaboration underscores NorthWestern Energy’s commitment to economic development, innovation and excellence in energy service delivery.”

Today, NorthWestern Energy is one of the cleanest energy companies in the nation, with most of the company’s power generation from hydro, wind and solar resources. NorthWestern Energy’s recent addition of on-demand energy generation from the Yellowstone County Generating Station and the anticipated additional capacity from the Colstrip Plant, starting January 2026, strengthens its ability to serve existing and new Montana electric customers reliably at lower customer costs.

“This investment in Montana is a significant milestone for our state’s economic growth and technological advancement, possible because of work done to provide more certainty for data center developers,” said Paul Green, Director of the Montana Department of Commerce. “Reliable energy service is a critical component in this effort. This development will create new jobs, increase the state’s tax base and demonstrates how Montana’s open-for-business mindset and pro-growth programs are driving the state’s prosperity.” 

NorthWestern Energy Group, Inc., doing business as NorthWestern Energy, provides essential energy infrastructure and valuable services that enrich lives and empower communities while serving as long-term partners to our customers and communities. We work to deliver safe, reliable, and innovative energy solutions that create value for customers, communities, employees, and investors. We do this by providing low-cost and reliable service performed by highly-adaptable and skilled employees. We provide electricity and / or natural gas to approximately 775,300 customers in Montana, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Yellowstone National Park. Our operations in Montana and Yellowstone National Park are conducted through our subsidiary, NW Corp, and our operations in South Dakota and Nebraska are conducted through our subsidiary, NWE Public Service. We have provided service in South Dakota and Nebraska since 1923 and in Montana since 2002.

The Tax Foundation recently released its 2025 State Competitiveness Index. This study revealed which states are taxpayer-friendly for both individuals and businesses. States are ranked based on income, sales, excise, property, capital gains, corporate, payroll, estate, and VAT consumption taxes. The Tax Foundation found that Wyoming is the most taxpayer-friendly state, Montana is 5th, Idaho is 11th, and Washington is 45th.

Wyoming was the top-ranking state for the fifth year in a row mostly because of its lack of corporate or individual income tax. Additionally, it has no inventory, franchise, occupation, or value-added taxes. It also enjoys tax exemptions for manufacturers and data centers. Wyoming has the luxury of having no corporate or personal income tax due to significant tax revenue from minerals. Although Wyoming’s exact tax model can’t be copied, its principles can be applied everywhere.

Idaho improved from its prior ranking of 16th to 11th. This can be attributed to its individual and corporate tax rates declining from 5.8% to 5.695%. Idaho has no statewide property tax (local tax only), no estate tax, and a 33-cent gas tax. Idaho currently collects $4,541 in state and local tax collections per capita. Idaho can improve its ranking by lowering individual income taxes even more.

Montana has an individual income tax ranging from 4.7% to 5.9%. Montana has a relatively low tax burden with a property tax rate of 0.69%, no estate tax, and a 33.75 cent gas tax. Montana collects $5,065 in state and local tax collections per capita. Montana has been trending in the right direction by passing multiple tax cuts in the 2023 legislative sessions. Included was lowering the income tax ceiling from 6.75% to 5.9%, increasing the small business exemptions from $100,000 in 2021 to now almost $1 million in 2024, and lowering the capital gains tax to make Montana the 4th lowest in the country. Gov. Gianforte recently announced that he plans to reduce the state income tax even more to 4.9%.

A report compiled by the Montana Section of the American Society of Civil Engineers gave Montana relatively poor grades in the state of its infrastructure. They ranked Montana in 14 categories ranging from bridges and roads to schools to airports to wastewater systems.

Montana received a C grade in 11 categories: aviation, bridges, dams, drinking water, energy, hazardous waste, public parks, rail roads, solid waste and waste water. C means mediocre and requires attention.

Montana received a D grade in two categories, schools and stormwater, which indicated they are poor and at risk. The final category, broadband, received an incomplete grade.

The state’s highest ranking, a C+, went to the rails category.

The state’s schools earned a D in the report due primarily to aging buildings and facilities.

“The challenges are further compounded by rising energy costs and declining student enrollment, placing additional strain on already tight school budgets. As a result, Montana’s schools are struggling to meet the demands of their aging infrastructure while providing a safe and healthy learning environment for students,” the report stated.

Pusuit has acquired the Montana House in Apgar Village in Glacier National Park. The  Montana House has celebrated and showcased over 500 local and indigenous artisans for nearly 65 years. The company said it will continue to showcase local artists under Pursuit ownership. 

A recent study provides reassurance that Yellowstone Park’s famous supervolcano will unlikely erupt anytime soon. The journal Nature states that while a significant amount of magma is beneath the Yellowstone Caldera, it is stored in small, separate pockets rather than a flowing reservoir, reducing the likelihood of a major eruption.

Guns N Things in Glendive will close. A recent sale opportunity did not pan out so Ernie and Karel Huether decided to close.

River City Brews Rafting Tours, a Missoula company that offers guided raft trips along with local craft beverages, has been bought by Sara and Jared Forsythe.

Applications for a permit to float the Smith River began on Jan. 2, and will be accepted through Feb. 15. The permit drawing will be held on Feb. 19. Applicants can apply for a Smith River float permit online at the Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks Automated Licensing System. Successful Smith River applicants will be notified via email shortly after the permit drawing is conducted.

Zero to Five Montana, in partnership with the Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services Bright Futures Birth to Five program, is offering a one-time grant opportunity for Montana employers through the Family Forward Montana initiative to develop an employer-sponsored child care program. Grants will range from $10,000 to $100,000 depending on the size and scope of the employers project plan.

The permit issued by the Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation to Tintina Montana Incorporated (now Sandfire Resources) to manipulate approximately 250 million gallons of groundwater in pursuit of a 14 million-ton copper deposit in Meagher County has cleared its second and final legal challenge before the Montana Supreme Court.

Acropolis Gyros, a Greek food restaurant at 117 South Avenue W. in Missoula, has announced it is closing. The final day will be when supplies run out. The business has been listed for sale since July.

A new oven weighing 84,000 pound oven has arrived at Tech Woods USA in Ronan. This Moldrup thermal modification oven is used by Tech Woods USA to produce hardwood gunstock blanks, as well as flooring and other wood products. The oven was designed in Denmark and Singapore and manufactured in Vietnam.

Several transportation projects are in underway in the Flathead. Glacier Park International Airport is moving ahead with the next phase of its expansion project, West Reserve Drive in Kalispell is being rebuilt with additional traffic lanes and Columbia Falls is in the first stages of a multi-million-dollar road reconstruction project.  

The Sibanye-Stillwater mine vice president Heather McDowell grew up in Bridger, near the Clarks Fork of the Yellowstone River. McDowell has become the face of the company over the last two months. McDowell has been the vice president for legal and external affairs for Sibanye-Stillwater,  for seven years. She has served as the spokesperson for the mine, communicating news of the layoffs to local communities.

Big Sky Resort is opening the new year with a new gondola and the longest eight-person lift in the world. This is part of the expansion of  Montana’s biggest ski area. The Madison 8 replaces the older Six Shooter lift, offering a high-speed eight-person option with heated seats and weather shields, which has become a resort standard.

First Interstate Bank has donated their former branch building, located at 402 N. Center, to One Health in Hardin. One Health provides in-person and virtual healthcare services to anyone in need.

The owner of the Dakota Access Pipeline recently became the latest party to join the defense in the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe’s new lawsuit against the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Dakota Access LLC asked to join the lawsuit to protect its private business interests in the pipeline’s operation. Dakota Access spent billions developing the pipeline and has standing contracts requiring DAPL to continue transporting oil.

Youth Dynamics Inc., a statewide children’s mental healthcare provider merged with Yellowstone Boys and Girls Ranch last fall. Yellowstone Boys and Girls Ranch is a statewide agency founded in 1957 and headquartered on a 410-acre campus west of Billings.

Josh O’Connor, who currently serves as a senior vice president and regional publisher of Carpenter Media, has been named the next CEO of Wick Communications, owner of the Williston Herald and Sidney Herald.

The Williston Basin International Airport has seen a steady increase in boardings so far in 2024. XWA recorded 10,239 boardings in October 2024, a 14.63% increase from 8,932 boardings from the same month in 2023.

Choteau’s Magon Miller is purchasing Meraki Coffee from Mary Shore. She is renaming the drive-up coffee shop “Latte Lane”

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Workers in Montana’s manufacturing sector saw their wages increase by nearly $8,000 on average over the past year, according to a report by the Montana Manufacturing Extension Center at Montana State University.

The Red Lodge Area Community Foundation and Roosevelt Center will Red Lodge Summer Fest 2025 on Aug. 1-2, 2025. Headliners and additional acts will be announced in January with ticket sales. Red Lodge Summer Fest will be held at the Roosevelt Center and adjacent property at 519 S Broadway.

The Montana Department of Commerce has issued grants more than $350,000 to agricultural operations to support and promote agritourism. Montana Moments, LLC, an agritourism business based on the Mahlstedt Ranch east of Circle, was one of 17 recipients of the grant. Montana Moments’ grant will be used to permanently expand attendance capacity at Montana Moments by funding the purchase of tables, chairs and tents, a utility trailer and riding helmets. Montana Moments offers branding weekends, women and girls’ cattle handling retreats on foot and on horseback, a family ranch and rodeo package, children camps, homestead homemaking retreats plus a variety of other

Logan Health in Kalispell is closing its inpatient rehabilitation facility in February with plans to turn the facility into a surgical unit.

Jacksons Food Stores, a convenience store chain based in Idaho, has taken over the operation of three Noon’s convenience stores in Missoula.

By Chris Cargill, Mountain States Policy Center

Typically, courts provide clarity. They do not exist to make or enforce law but rather interpret what the law says. Nothing more, nothing less.

But a week of tumultuous rulings in Montana has, in many ways, upended the state’s legislative authority and made an overall mess of the policy-making process. It’s an unwanted Christmas gift that’ll just keep giving – and taking – for years to come.

The Montana Supreme Court’s questionable decision in Held v. Montana reads more like a policy argument than a finding of law.

The case was brought by a group of young people seeking to put the state on trial for its climate regulations. The young people claimed the state policy on climate change threatened their “physical and mental health.”

Recent legislative actions have barred state bureaucrats from considering world climate impact in analysis of large energy projects in Montana. The state law says it “may not include a review of actual or potential impacts beyond Montana’s borders. It may not include actual or potential impacts that are regional, national, or global in nature.” In other words, consider the impact on Montana – period.

Greenhouse gases are, of course, not confined by state lines. It is difficult, if not impossible, to know the exact worldwide impact of any one project in any one state. And even if you could, the impact of any Montana project is likely dwarfed by massive greenhouse gas emissions coming from other parts of the world.Still, the majority of the court ruled with the teenagers, reading a new right into the Montana Constitution of a “stable climate system,” and ordering legislative action.

It should be noted that the words “clean and healthful environment” appear in the state constitution, but “climate” is not found in the document. The justices claimed that didn’t matter, because the constitution was “a living thing designed to meet the needs of a progressive society” – a contention that is often used by courts that feel the need to legislate.The court’s ruling will undoubtedly have an impact on Montana’s economy and its future energy needs, opening the door for projects to be stymied.

While the court may feel strongly about the role of climate change in the environment, it has no constitutional authority to decide what the state should do about it. That is supposed to be left to the policymakers in the legislative branch, and to the executive branch charged with enforcing the law.

This is not the first time the Montana Supreme Court has overstepped its authority and likely won’t be the last. Judicial reform was already likely to be a high priority in the upcoming legislative session, but with this ruling, it likely goes into overdrive.

The tug of war between our branches of government continues.

Chris Cargill is the President of Mountain States Policy Center, an independent free market think tank based in Idaho, Montana, Wyoming and Eastern Washington. Online at mountainstatespolicy.org.

In Europe, sales of electric-only cars fell 5.8% in January-September from a year earlier, while their market share fell to 13% from 14%. Pure EVs accounted for 8% of overall U.S. vehicle sales in October. So, the market is growing, but sales have slowed.

Methane emissions from the largest oil- and natural gas-producing basins fell 44% between 2011 and 2013, according to newly published data from the Environmental Protection Agency.

According to the EPA’s Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program, methane emissions dropped in seven oil- and natural gas-producing basins by up to 87% from 2019-2023.

The drop occurred as U.S. domestic producers, led by Texas, broke records over the past few years, producing “more crude oil than any country, ever,” according to the US Energy Information Agency, The Center Square reported.

“Burning natural gas for energy results in fewer emissions of nearly all types of air pollutants and carbon dioxide (CO2) than burning coal or petroleum products to produce an equal amount of energy,” the EIA reports. “About 117 pounds of CO2 are produced per million British thermal units (MMBtu) equivalent of natural gas compared with more than 200 pounds of CO2 per MMBtu of coal and more than 160 pounds per MMBtu of distillate fuel oil.”

Facilities operating in two basins reported methane intensity emissions drops of more than 50% from 2019-2023: the Williston Basin (located in Montana, North and South Dakota), and the Appalachian Basin (spanning across Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio, Pennsylvania and New York).

This is after methane emissions dropped by more than 75% and production increased by more than 345% over a 10-year period, The Center Square reported.

Groundworks, a foundation and water management solutions company, has announced its acquisition of Yellowstone Structural Systems in Bozeman. The acquisition marks its first office in Montana.

“Groundworks continues to expand our western footprint to build the first national foundation services business. Montana is an exciting, growing market with unique soil conditions, and Groundworks understands the importance of providing homeowners in this region with reputable foundation services,” said Matt Malone, founder & CEO of Groundworks. “Today, we extend our industry-leading solutions and world class customer service into Montana and Wyoming..”

For nearly 15 years, Yellowstone Structural Systems has delivered solutions to Montana homeowners and businesses for all their foundation, basement waterproofing, crawl space encapsulation and structural repair needs. They also provide geo-technical solutions to commercial customers. The team at Yellowstone Structural Systems will continue to serve customers with their local knowledge and expertise under the Groundworks name.

“Yellowstone Structural Systems was born out of a need for a high-quality customer experience in the home services industry,” said Jesse Scott, founder of Yellowstone Structural Systems. “Partnering with Groundworks enables us to continue delivering expert services to homeowners across Montana, while providing the added benefit of expanded resources for customers and the power of employee ownership for our team.”

Groundworks is headquartered in Virginia Beach, Va. Founded in 2016, Groundworks companies provide foundation and water management solutions, including foundation repair, basement waterproofing, crawl space repair and encapsulation, plumbing, gutter installation, and concrete lifting services, as well as offer soil stabilizing solutions for residential and commercial projects. Groundworks operates over 74 offices across 36 states as well as in Canada. It is an eight-time recipient of Inc. 5000 Fastest Growing Companies and was named to the Inc. 2023 Best in Business list.

Since 2016, Groundworks has been disrupting and evolving the foundation solutions industry through its combination of aligning with industry-leading local brands and opening new locations across the U.S. and Canada – making it the first international foundation solutions company. This marks Groundworks’ 12th acquisition this year, and its 44th acquisition in company history.

NextEra, a utility company based in Florida with wind, solar, electricity and nuclear energy infrastructure across North America, is working to install more than $1.05 billion in subsidized wind and solar projects in eastern Montana, specifically Dawson, McCone and Prairie counties. Citizens of Eastern Montana are appealing to county commissioners to enact interim zoning regulations to help protect nonparticipating landowners, while efforts are made to demonstrate the need for zoning regulations on industrial developments like the Glendive Wind Project, according to a report in Bozeman Daily Chronicle. Turbines should be considered a public health hazard, claimed the citizens in a meeting with Dawson County Commissioners, about the effects of sound frequencies — both audible and inaudible — produced by them may have on people and animals.

Prairie County Commissioners claimed that representatives from NextEra attempted to meet privately at the commissioners’ homes.

Any meetings with a quorum of a public body are required under state law to be posted in advance and open to the public.

Citizens of Dawson County complained that there hasn’t been anything on record of conversations with Dawson County commissioners and representatives of the wind company.

Among the issues of concern is the impact the sound of wind turbines on residents near them. It was claimed that a wind project in Rosebud County has forced residents on a nearby farm to move into town.

Another concern about wind developments is the potential for landowners to be held responsible for cleaning up wind turbines on their property, should they fail to establish a bond for decommissioning. Most other industrial projects in Montana are required by law to put up a decommissioning bond to cover potential cleanup costs. Alternative energy projects are not required to acquire a bond until the 15th year of operation.

NextEra claims they will have a bond right away.

Dawson County citizens voiced concern that if landowners were to be left with the responsibility of cleaning up a wind turbine on their property, they would not be able to do it and would face the risk of losing their property.

Citizens pushed back against claims about the economic and community benefits that could materialize because of the investment of alternatives energy projects. They pointed out that such benefits have not happened in Eastern Montana communities where such projects are already located.

Most alternative energy products are not economically justified in the market without considerable subsidies. For example, according to researchers Isaac Orr and Mitch Rolling, writing in “Energy Bad Boys,” solar developers receive $56,000 per acre for solar facilities, or $2,253 per acre for each year of the solar facility’s useful life.

Fueled by the taxpayer-funded Investment Tax Credit (ITC), a subsidy allows developers to claim at least 30 percent of a project’s costs as a tax credit.

They report that initial estimates are that $369 billion in subsidies are available over the first ten years of the program. Another report from Travis Fisher and Joshua Loucks argues the true cost of the IRA could reach more than $1 trillion in the first ten years of the policy and between $2 trillion to $4 trillion by 2050. Other reports claim that the massive sums of taxpayer funded subsidies place some 2.4 million acres of American farmland out of production.